CD8 and CD3 immune infiltration are well-established prognostic parameters.25,26 Transcriptomic data from TCGA (Supplementary Fig. 4) and previous IHC-based studies27 have confirmed that PD-L1 expression is also linked to better prognosis in CRC, which is not surprising given the ability of IFNγ-producing CD8 T cells to promote PD-L1 expression. Here, IFNG is linked to colorectal carcinoma.