APC and colorectal carcinoma: To generate CRC organoids with a constitutive active BRAF mutation and a heterozygous deletion of Trp53 (BRAFV600E;Apc−/−;Trp53+/−; BAP), we generated Apcfl/fl (NT-II) colonoids and achieved a full loss of Apc by cre-mediated recombination and heterozygous depletion of Trp53 by CRISPR–Cas9-mediated gene editing in this culture.