Resulting KrasG12D;Apc+/−;Trp53−/− organoids (hereafter referred to as KAP) showed expression of established CRC markers (cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and homeobox protein CDX2; Extended Data Fig. 1g) and were also used to generate a CK20+CDX2+ two-dimensional CRC cell line (KAP2D; Extended Data Fig. 1h). Here, TP53 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.