SPP1+TAMs mainly connect to NLRP3+tissue-resident macrophages, which interact with tumor-associated fibroblasts to promote tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.326 Moreover, the LYVE1+macrophages and NLRP3+ macrophages are found in adjacent non-cancer tissues across many cancer types and have tissue-resident characteristics.325 LYVE1+tissue-resident macrophages contribute to constraining tissue inflammation in CRC, while NLPR3+macrophages appear to have proinflammatory effects.311,326. Here, SPP1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.