Further, our choice of targets included genes with essential and well-studied roles in arterial differentiation (e.g. Efnb2), implicated in arteriovenous malformations in humans (e.g. Acvrl1), associated with processes important for regeneration (Cxcr4 and Cxcl12;Das et al., 2019), or commonly used as arterial markers in animal models (e.g. Gja5). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and arteriovenous hemangioma/malformation.