Recent autopsy studies have identified phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43, pSer409/410) aggregates in the skeletal and cardiac muscles as potential biomarkers for both ALS and non-ALS, such as sporadic inclusion body myositis, myofibrillar myopathies, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, etc [110, 111]. The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.