FGF21 and gestational diabetes: Second, in addition to the factors examined in the subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis (sample size, region, diagnostic criteria for GDM, timing of sample collection, age, body mass index), potential confounders such as the health-related behaviors (diet, exercise, etc.), physical examinations and biochemical indicators (blood lipid levels, etc.)may affect the levels of the metabolic indicator FGF21.