Among these, GBP2, CXCL9, and IRG1 represent some of the pathways involved in the protective response: GBP2, a member of the GTPase family, drives macrophages toward an inflammatory state (Li et al., 2023) while combating bacterial infection through vacuole disruption and pyroptosis induction (Meunier et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and bacterial infectious disease.