TNF and Ascending tubular aorta aneurysm: In accordance, either knockdown of Tnfα or Igf1 in CX3CR1+ macrophages reduced vascular inflammation, as evidenced by the downregulation of Mcp1, Il6, and Cxcl2 (Figure 5E), and subsequently ameliorated both aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysm progression as well as related aortic wall pathologies (Figure 5, F–H).