IL4 and tuberculosis: Similarly, Indian TB patients coinfected with hookworms had fewer Mycobacterium-specific Th1 and Th17 cells and associated circulating cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17A) but increased Th2 cells and associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) as well as increased frequencies of regulatory T cells compared to patients infected with M. tuberculosis alone (George et al., 2013).