As with Salmonella, resistance to mycobacterial infection is initiated with inflammatory responses by phagocytes triggered by pattern recognition receptors and control is mediated by Th1 and Th17 cells while the progression of tuberculosis is associated with the regulatory type-2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 (Babu and Nutman, 2016; Cadmus et al., 2020; Bustamante-Rengifo et al., 2021; Bhengu et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and tuberculosis.