ERFE and anemia: ERFE expression has been upregulated in murine models with inefficienterythropoiesis, such as anemia of inflammation42 and in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS),43 β-thalassemia,26 and malarial anemic.27 Indeed, both CIArats and CKD rats exhibited elevated ERFE protein levels under baselineconditions compared with healthy rats (Figure 3A).