ERFE expression has been upregulated in murine models with inefficienterythropoiesis, such as anemia of inflammation42 and in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS),43 β-thalassemia,26 and malarial anemic.27 Indeed, both CIArats and CKD rats exhibited elevated ERFE protein levels under baselineconditions compared with healthy rats (Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene ERFE and anemia (phenotype).