HSPD1 and bacterial infectious disease: Several gene-levelstudies have also demonstrated the essential role of GroEL/ES in survivalon GroEL/ES-deficient bacteria.62,63 Mutations in groEL and groES genes will block the growthof bacteriophages λ and T4.64 Studieshave shown that some diseases related to bacterial infections arealso associated with the GroEL/ES system.