Despite the fact that it has not been clinically evaluated in SAM children, an experimental work performed in dogs inoculated with E. coli-derived LPS has shown an important decrease in IGF-1 levels, as well as in the anti-diabetic hormone adiponectin (Tvarijonaviciute et al., 2011), suggesting that infection with this bacterium potentially could limit growth while promoting diabetes in affected children. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and diabetes mellitus.