CSF2 and Alzheimer disease: Supporting a therapeutic role for these factors, there was a recent Phase II double-blinded, randomized controlled trial targeting CSF2 (aka, GM-CSF) in Alzheimer’s disease patients via brief subcutaneous sargramostim treatment (5 days/week for 3-weeks with 90-day follow-up).42 Sargramostim is a repurposed medication used to stimulate white blood cells production in bone marrow.