CD28 and cancer: As the phenotypic changes in monocytes induced by EV stimulation, such as increased surface expression of PD‐L1, may affect the activity of T cells in a mechanism similar to that commonly observed by monocyte/macrophage PD‐L1 in cancer (Iwai et al., 2002; Yasuoka et al., 2020), we stimulated PBMCs with A. suum EVs in the presence of anti‐CD3/CD28 antibodies to activate T cells or isotype‐matched control antibodies.