As TLR4 expression on liver cells plays a multifaceted role, functioning as a sensor for microbial components and danger signals while also influencing liver metabolic function and potentially contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (48, 49, 50, 51), this finding suggests these lipids may have significant biological effects within the liver. Here, TLR4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.