The results indicated that in non-sarcomatoid ccRCC patient samples: TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated with 35/43 ccRCC tumors (81 %) demonstrating upregulation; PD-L1 was significantly upregulated with 28/43 tumors (65 %) demonstrating upregulation; while VEGF was upregulated in 26/43 tumors (60 %), however, this upregulation was not statistically significant. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.