For sarcomatoid ccRCC patients, TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated with 4/4 tumors (100 %) demonstrating upregulation, whereas there was no statistically significant upregulation in PD-L1 expression (3/4 tumors (75 %)) and VEGF expression (2/4 tumors (50 %)). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.