TNF and Sjogren syndrome: Both cytokine-induced and Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory exocrine gland diseases (e.g., Sjogren syndrome) and are also likely involved in anti-CD3-induced apoptosis of exocrine gland tissues since anti-CD3 treatment can induce TNF-α production and Fas ligand expression by T cells.21