PHLDA1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Genes upregulated in both Arms B and C include LCP2, which is involved in TCR signal transduction29; CD63, which is classified as a costimulatory molecule that promotes both activation and proliferation of T cells30; and PHLDA1, which may have inhibitory functions as its expression within exhausted tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in both HCC and NSCLC is associated with poor prognosis.31