Female is significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI, with ORs of 6.2 (95 % CI: 1.56–31.31, p = 0.015) and 6.66 (95 % CI: 1.65–33.84, p = 0.012) in the models with NGAL and TIMP-2 x IGFBP-7, respectively. The gene discussed is IGFBP7; the disease is acute kidney injury.