CD4 and infection: Although CD4+ T-lymphocytes are the primary receptor targets for HIV entry that ultimately lead to productive infection, the virus has been shown to enter these targeted CD4+ T-cells through an alternate route via interactions with the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 (Hioe et al., 2001; Beauséjour and Tremblay, 2004; Tardif et al., 2009; Kondo and Melikyan, 2012).