The colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, BLZ945, was found to mostly eradicate simian immunodeficiency virus infection of the non-human primate rhesus macaque brain CD163 and CD206 expressing perivascular macrophages (Bohannon et al., 2024), leaving the largely uninfected but required microglia preservation (Pasciuto et al., 2020) mostly intact. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and simian immunodeficiency virus infection.