RNF128 and colitis: We detected the location of RNF128 in different cell types within human and mice colitis tissues and found that RNF128 colocalized with CD68 and F4/80 (macrophage markers) but not with CD3 (lymphocyte marker), CD11c (dendritic cell marker), CD31 (endothelial marker), myeloperoxidase (MPO, neutrophil marker) or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, fibroblast marker), indicating that RNF128 is expressed primarily in macrophages (Fig. 1A, B, Figure S1F).