The expression patterns of six cancer-associated genes were validated using qRT-PCR (Fig. 4G), including the down-regulation of ABCB1, a crucial ATP-dependent drug efflux pump involved in drug resistance across various cancer types [35], as well as the up-regulations of several pre-apoptotic genes in the p53 pathway (e.g., CHAC1, UNC5B, and ATF3) (Fig. 4G, H) as NR2E3 did (Fig. 1K). This evidence concerns the gene ATF3 and cancer.