TNF and atherosclerosis: Related literature shows that quercetin modulates the activity of enzymes and biomolecules in the penile tissue of rats with ED, such as PDE-5, angiotensin-1 converting enzyme, and malondialdehyde and nonprotein mercaptans.[29] There are studies have found that kaempferol plays a major role in anti-inflammation, inhibiting peroxidation, regulating vascular tension, and anti-atherosclerosis.[30] Wang et al[31] found that plants containing kaempferol significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the serum and IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the prostate tissue of rats.