CXXC5 and infection: Correspondingly, the appropriate regulation of CXXC5 and these cellular manners are intimately associated with various physiological processes, including bone formation and immune system regulation; conversely, abnormalities in CXXC5 expression or function have been linked to a wide range of pathological processes and diseases, including bone loss, infection, and especially cancers [25, 49, 55, 72, 73].