AKR1B1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The ARISE-HF Trial (Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure) [14] was a phase 3 randomized study which showed that an aldose reductase inhibitor (AT-001) was safe but did not prevent decline in cardiac functional capacity in individuals T2DM and SBHF, compared with placebo.