This process also involves the production of growth factors, exosomes, desmoplastic reactions, and cytokines, which protect cancer cells from drug‐induced apoptosis.[19, 22] The secretion of paracrine regulatory factors such as TGF‐β, TNF‐α, and IL‐2 by fibroblasts promotes the development of a microenvironment conducive to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, ultimately supporting tumor growth. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.