Two APOL1 coding variants, termed G1 and G2, explain a substantial proportion of the high prevalence of kidney disease in individuals with sub-Saharan African ancestry.1–3 Approximately 13% of African Americans carry two risk variants and have greatly increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD).4 The utility of APOL1 genotype testing is under investigation in various clinical settings.5,6 Further, APOL1 inhibition strategies are being tested in clinical trials of APOL1-mediated kidney diseases.7–9. The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is chronic kidney disease.