APOE and Anxiety: Lestaevel et al. (2015) found that uranium exposure in early development stages induces anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in offspring rats mediated by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (Lestaevel et al., 2015); Xu et al. (2021) showed that low-dose Cu exposure exacerbates depression-like behaviors in ApoE4 gene-carrying mice, with the involvement of neuroglial cells and various neurological pathways, including the Ras signaling pathway, protein export, axon guidance, and serotonergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic synapses (Xu et al., 2021).