In particular, EECP stimulates the release of vasoactive factors, such as α-actinin, von Willebrand, and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF); in a randomized controlled study of 240 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, VEGF1 and VEGFR2 expression levels were significantly higher in EECP versus control group after the 1-year follow-up period, and EECP-treated patients also had significantly improved endothelial function [59]. Here, KDR is linked to coronary artery disorder.