MMP9 and neoplasm: The addition of IL-1RA during co-culture significantly inhibited the activation of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in SUM159 cells (Fig. 3d) and suppressed MMP-2 activity in MCF12A cells (Fig. 4c) These results underscore the role of IL-1β signaling in promoting tumor cell invasiveness and MMP activation in TNBC.