Women treated with medication had more pronounced lipid abnormalities (higher levels of VLDL particles, total lipids as well as higher cholesterol in VLDL particles and lower cholesterol in high density lipoprotein particles) compared to diet treated GDM women. Serum levels of leucine, isoleucine and glycoprotein acetylation also higher in women treated with medication than diet alone. This evidence concerns the gene ART4 and gestational diabetes.