CDK9 and cardiac hypertrophy: During chronic cardiac hypertrophy this decline is reversed, leading to elevated levels of both CDKs 7 and 9.491 Further studies have demonstrated that a dominant-negative form of CDK9 effectively inhibits cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting its potential utility as a therapeutic tool for managing this condition and addressing long-term heart diseases.491 Additionally, evidence shows that miR-1 can reduce the expression of CDK9 and other growth-related target genes, including CDK6.492 Reports on the mechanism of action of CDK7 in cardiovascular diseases are limited.