A study conducted on diabetic rats demonstrated that upregulation of CDK9 expression is associated with increased PPAR expression levels as well as elevated lipoprotein lipase activity, thereby promoting fatty acid metabolism.9 Additional research involving bovine models, goose models, and breast cancer cells has also identified that CDK9 plays a role in enhancing lipid metabolism along with the expression of related genes.31–33 Our results from RNA-seq indicated that CDK9 regulated numerous genes associated with proliferation and apoptosis. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and breast cancer.