In 2008, following the advent of the EGFR-targeted biologic cetuximab and its proof of concept as a non-inferior monotherapy in 2007, the EXTREME trial showed that the addition of cetuximab to a platinum doublet significantly improves response rates (36% vs. 20%), progression-free survival (5.6 mo versus 3.3 mo), and overall survival in recurrent HNSCC (10.1 mo versus 7.4 mo) [7,38]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.