PMEL and metastatic melanoma: In 2010, a phase III trial examining the treatment of metastatic melanoma with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CLTA-4) inhibitor versus glycoprotein 100 (gp100) protein peptide vaccine found an increased overall survival (median overall survival of 10.1 mo versus 6.4) in the CLTA-4 groups relative to the gp100-only controls [42].