Furthermore, the testosterone group and ATGSE-treated group at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg compared to the BPH + GSE 500 mg/kg group induced a notable reduction of the following mediators: IL-1ra (p ≤ 0.0001), KC (p ≤ 0.0001 for 250 mg/kg and p ≤ 0.001 for 500 mg/kg), M-SCF (p ≤ 0.0001 for 250 mg/kg and p ≤ 0.01 for 500 mg/kg), SDF-1 (p ≤ 0.0001), and TIMP-1 (p ≤ 0.0001). Here, CALCA is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.