Later research revealed that taking 400 mg/day of ethanol extract of GS leaves (GS4) in capsule form for 18–20 months reduced FPG and HbA1c (p < 0.001 for both) in comparison to baseline and increased insulin levels during fasting and post-prandial (p < 0.01 for both) in comparison to diabetics not taking a supplement [97]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.