The aim of our study was (1) to assess prospectively serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 representative of type-1, type-2, and type-17 cytokines and the regulatory cytokines TGF-β1 and BAFF in drug-free schizophrenia patients in the acute phase of the disease and after antipsychotic treatment and (2) to determine correlations between cytokine levels changes and clinical and psychopathological features. Here, TGFB1 is linked to schizophrenia.