We tested the following hypotheses: (1) antipsychotic treatments influence serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, TGF-β1, and BAFF in schizophrenia patients; (2) modulating effect of antipsychotics would be either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory; and (3) changes in cytokine serum levels are correlated to psychopathological features. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and schizophrenia.