Among all the analyzed cytokines from the anti-viral panel (GM-CSF, IFN-α2, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-29, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10)), only the concentrations of IL-1β and IP-10 were significantly higher in the saliva of RA patients than in the saliva of ORD patients (Figure 1B,E). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and rheumatoid arthritis.