SQSTM1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: To investigate the effects of TH301 on autophagy in pancreatic cancer cell contexts, we treated the AsPC-1, BxPC-3, and PANC-1 cell lines with 40 μΜ TH301, for 24 and 48 h, and analyzed the protein expression levels of the key autophagy markers p62/SQSTM1 and LC3B-II.