Similarly, miR-146a (upregulated in AD) functions as an anti-inflammatory miRNA by targeting upstream mediators of NF-κB signaling—IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 10 (CARD10), in addition to limiting type-2-cell-mediated immune responses. Here, IRAK1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.