TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: IL-17A and IL-17F, through various signaling pathways such as NF-Kb, C/EBP, and MAPK, have been shown to activate the production of numerous inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, CCL2 and CCL7), and antimicrobial peptides, thereby enhancing the mucosal immune response in IBD [85].