Antenatal exposure to cytokines, interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-a], interleukin-1beta [IL-1b], is a risk factor for developing BPD and might predispose the subset of neonates exposed to chorioamnionitis prenatally to the development of BPD [16,17]. Here, TNF is linked to chorioamnionitis.