4PYR treatment caused a significant increase in the expression of cytokines related to the inflammatory response: IL-1α, IL-1β, CCL19, CX3CL1, CCL3, also referred to as macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and CCL5, as well as FAS-ligand and SDF-1α in control mice without cancer as compared to the untreated group (Figure 7). The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is cancer.