ALB and diabetes mellitus: Model 1 was unadjusted, Model 2 was adjusted for key confounders (age, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), BMI, FTI, and LTI), and Model 3 included additional adjustments for nutritional and inflammatory markers (serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score).