Caffeine, along with chlorogenic acid—another antioxidant present in coffee—influence hair growth via different pathways, including the upregulation of IGF-1, KGF, and VEGF genes, which leads to the enhanced proliferation of epithelial cells and keratinocytes in the HF, as well as the induction of vasodilation of the surrounding blood vessels [101]. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and hydrops fetalis.