CCL4 and colitis: Among the 6 NF-κB related genes, IL-1β was reported to have important effects on regulating innate immune responses, and the levels of IL-1β were significantly increased in colitis [72] as members of the chemotactic cytokines families, CCL4, CXCL5, and CXCR2, play key roles in regulating mucosal inflammation and the immune system by promoting the migration of neutrophils to inflammatory sites and can be used as characteristic genes indicating the degree of inflammation in UC [73,74].