HPCA and central nervous system cancer: Further, when evaluating the top 25 significantly upregulated DEGs in French bulldogs that were simultaneously not significantly upregulated in boxers and Boston terriers, among the protein-coding DEGs (TAC1, PTGS2, FGG, VEPH1, GPRC5A, SIX4, MEDAG, TEX26, NPAS4, HPCA, DRD2, GJD2, PTX3, WIPF3, SFRP4, DAW1, and BAG3), many of these DEGs have known roles in glioma.