Neuroinflammation contributes to depression through promoting neurotransmitter dysregulation, damaging neurons, altering neuronal activity in specific depression‐related brain regions, and producing a HPA axis dysfunction.[32] Our results demonstrated that a miR‐204‐5p deficiency within the vmPFC region induced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors in rats, effects which were accompanied by increased expressions of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐6, as well as reduced expressions of the anti‐inflammatory cytokines, IL‐4 and IL‐10 within the vmPFC region. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and major depressive disorder.