Mitochondrial components and metabolic byproducts, released as DAMPs into the extracellular space, further propagate inflammation in infectious diseases.[39] Upon mitochondrial damage, mtDNA undergoes oxidation and translocates to the cytoplasm, where it directly interacts with NLRP3 to activate the inflammasome.[40] Suyuan Liu et al. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and infectious disease.