TNF and Peri-Implantitis: These biomarkers hold promise as noninvasive diagnostictools for early detection, disease monitoring, and personalized managementof peri-implantitis.36 The most extensivelystudied biomarkers for peri-implantitis include proinflammatory cytokinesIL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, and TNF-α; anti-inflammatorycytokines IL-4 and IL-10; osteoclastogenic markers RANK, RANKL, andOPG; antioxidant proteins: urate, malondialdehyde, ascorbate, andmyeloperoxidase; and chemokine: IL-8.